It also makes full use of all four twisted pairs in a typical Cat 5 cable. Alternative B separates the data and the power conductors, making troubleshooting easier. For 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, only two of the four signal pairs in typical Cat 5 cable are used. These standards are known as alternative A, alternative B, and 4PPoE. Three of them have been standardized by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard IEEE 802.3 since 2003. There are several common techniques for transmitting power over Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electric power to devices such as wireless access points (WAPs), Internet Protocol (IP) cameras, and voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones. Power over Ethernet, or PoE, describes any of several standards or ad hoc systems that pass electric power along with data on twisted-pair Ethernet cabling. In another common configuration, the access point or other connected device includes internal PoE splitting and the external splitter is not necessary. The PoE connection eliminates the need for a nearby power outlet. The splitter is the silver and black box in the middle between the wiring junction box (left) and the access point (right). In this configuration, an Ethernet connection includes Power over Ethernet (PoE) (gray cable looping below), and a PoE splitter provides a separate data cable (gray, looping above) and power cable (black, also looping above) for a wireless access point (WAP).
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